Preeclampsia is a term you may have heard, especially if you’ve followed the pregnancy stories of celebrities like Beyoncé, Serena Williams, or Kim Kardashian. You know it’s dangerous, but unless you’ve faced it yourself, it might just seem like another concerning pregnancy term. But make no mistake: preeclampsia is a serious, life-threatening condition that every expecting mother—and those supporting them—should be fully informed about. Let’s break it down, so you have all the facts you need to stay empowered and prepared.

What is Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure, usually accompanied by protein in the urine, that develops after the 20th week of pregnancy. It can affect multiple organs, such as the liver and kidneys, and if left untreated, can lead to severe complications for both the mother and baby. Preeclampsia is part of a group of conditions known as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which also include gestational hypertension and eclampsia, a more severe condition that can cause seizures.

Why is Preeclampsia So Dangerous?

The risks associated with preeclampsia stem from its ability to cause life-threatening complications. For the mother, it can result in damage to the liver or kidneys, and in severe cases, it may progress to eclampsia, a condition that involves seizures. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), preeclampsia is responsible for approximately 15% of preterm births in the U.S. and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.

For the baby, preeclampsia can reduce blood flow to the placenta, leading to low birth weight, premature birth, or in some cases, stillbirth. Babies born prematurely due to preeclampsia may face long-term health challenges, including respiratory problems, developmental delays, and chronic conditions.

Who is at Risk for Preeclampsia?

While preeclampsia can affect any pregnant woman, certain factors increase the likelihood of developing the condition. First-time mothers, those carrying multiples (twins, triplets, etc.), and women with a history of chronic hypertension or a family history of preeclampsia are at higher risk. Other risk factors include obesity, being over the age of 35, and having pre-existing conditions like diabetes or kidney disease.

Signs and Symptoms of Preeclampsia

One of the challenging aspects of preeclampsia is that its symptoms can often be mistaken for common pregnancy discomforts. The primary sign is high blood pressure, but other symptoms include:

• Severe headaches
• Visual disturbances (seeing spots or blurred vision)
• Upper abdominal pain
• Sudden swelling of the hands, feet, or face
• Nausea or vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Decreased urine output

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to contact your healthcare provider or go to an urgent care center immediately. Early detection is crucial for managing the condition.

What Are the Treatment Options for Preeclampsia?

The only definitive cure for preeclampsia is delivering the baby, which presents a challenge if the condition develops early in the pregnancy. The timing of delivery depends on the severity of the preeclampsia and the baby’s gestational age. In cases where preeclampsia is mild and the pregnancy has not yet reached full term, doctors may recommend frequent monitoring, bed rest, and medications to control blood pressure and prevent further complications.

In more severe cases, particularly if preeclampsia progresses to eclampsia, immediate delivery is often necessary to protect both the mother and baby. It’s also important to note that preeclampsia can occur after childbirth, known as postpartum preeclampsia, which requires urgent medical attention.

The Bottom Line on Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that should never be taken lightly. Its potential impact is significant, but with early detection and proper management, risks can be minimized. Regular prenatal visits, paying close attention to your body, and maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider are vital for navigating pregnancy safely.

While preeclampsia is concerning, staying informed about the risks and signs can help ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby.